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Article Addendum
Regulation of Autophagy in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Tomasz Motyl, Malgorzata Gajewska, Joanna Zarzynska, Agnieszka Sobolewska and Barbara Gajkowska
volume 3 | issue 5
September/October 2007Pages: 484 - 486
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The bovine mammary gland undergoes intensive remodeling during the lactation cycle, and the escalation of this process is observed during dry periods. The main type of cell death responsible for bovine mammary gland involution is apoptosis; however, there are also a lot of cells exhibiting morphological features of autophagy during drying off. Our in vitro and in vivo studies of bovine mammary gland physiology suggest that the enhanced process of autophagy, observed at the end of lactation and during dry periods, is the result of: (1) decreased level of lactogenic hormones (GH, IGF-I), (2) decreased GH-R and IGF-IRα expression, (3) increased expression of auto/paracrine apoptogenic peptides (IGFBPs, TGF-β1), (4) increased influence of sex steroids (17β-estradiol and progesterone) and (5) enhanced competition between the intensively developing fetus and the mother organism for nutritional and bioactive compounds. The above conditions may create a state of temporary malnutrition of mammary epithelial cells, which forces the cells to the induction of autophagy, as a mechanism for stabilizing intracellular supplies of energy and amino acids, especially during the enhanced activity of apoptogenic factors.
Addendum to:
Apoptosis and Autophagy in Mammary Gland Remodeling and Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
T. Motyl, B. Gajkowska, J. Zarzyńska, M. Gajewska and M. Lamparska-Przybysz
J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57:17-32
Authors
Tomasz Motyl
Warsaw Agricultural University
Malgorzata Gajewska
Warsaw Agricultural University
Joanna Zarzynska
Warsaw Agricultural University
Agnieszka Sobolewska
Warsaw Agricultural University
Barbara Gajkowska
Polish Academy of Science
We now provide open access to journal articles published online for one year or more. This article may be downloaded at the following link:
Download PDF If the document does not open, please right-click on the link (control-click on a Macintosh) and select the option to save the file to disk.